How to Format Date/Time

Sometimes I can't find a better way to present something then through a series of code/exmaples, so, without much addoo:

- Microsoft SQL Server T-SQL date and datetime formats

- Date time formats - mssql datetime 

- MSSQL getdate returns current system date and time in standard internal format

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 100) - mon dd yyyy hh:mmAM (or PM)

                                        - Oct  2 2008 11:01AM          

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 101) - mm/dd/yyyy 10/02/2008                  

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 102) - yyyy.mm.dd - 2008.10.02           

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 103) - dd/mm/yyyy

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 104) - dd.mm.yyyy

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 105) - dd-mm-yyyy

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 106) - dd mon yyyy

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 107) - mon dd, yyyy

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 108) - hh:mm:ss

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 109) - mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmmAM (or PM)

                                        - Oct  2 2008 11:02:44:013AM   

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 110) - mm-dd-yyyy

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 111) - yyyy/mm/dd

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 112) - yyyymmdd

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 113) - dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm

                                        - 02 Oct 2008 11:02:07:577     

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 114) - hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 120) - yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(24h)

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 121) - yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm

SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 126) - yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.mmm

                                        - 2008-10-02T10:52:47.513

- SQL create different date styles with t-sql string functions

SELECT replace(convert(varchar, getdate(), 111), -/-, - -) - yyyy mm dd

SELECT convert(varchar(7), getdate(), 126)                 - yyyy-mm

SELECT right(convert(varchar, getdate(), 106), 8)          - mon yyyy

----

- SQL Server date formatting function - convert datetime to string

----

- SQL datetime functions

- SQL Server date formats

- T-SQL convert dates

- Formatting dates sql server

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnFormatDate (@Datetime DATETIME, @FormatMask VARCHAR(32))

RETURNS VARCHAR(32)

AS

BEGIN

    DECLARE @StringDate VARCHAR(32)

    SET @StringDate = @FormatMask

    IF (CHARINDEX (-YYYY-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -YYYY-,

                         DATENAME(YY, @Datetime))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-YY-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -YY-,

                         RIGHT(DATENAME(YY, @Datetime),2))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-Month-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -Month-,

                         DATENAME(MM, @Datetime))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-MON-,@StringDate COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS)>0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -MON-,

                         LEFT(UPPER(DATENAME(MM, @Datetime)),3))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-Mon-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -Mon-,

                                     LEFT(DATENAME(MM, @Datetime),3))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-MM-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -MM-,

                  RIGHT(-0-+CONVERT(VARCHAR,DATEPART(MM, @Datetime)),2))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-M-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -M-,

                         CONVERT(VARCHAR,DATEPART(MM, @Datetime)))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-DD-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -DD-,

                         RIGHT(-0-+DATENAME(DD, @Datetime),2))

    IF (CHARINDEX (-D-,@StringDate) > 0)

       SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, -D-,

                                     DATENAME(DD, @Datetime))   

RETURN @StringDate

END

GO

 

- Microsoft SQL Server date format function test

- MSSQL formatting dates

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -MM/DD/YYYY-)           - 01/03/2012

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -DD/MM/YYYY-)           - 03/01/2012

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -M/DD/YYYY-)            - 1/03/2012

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -M/D/YYYY-)             - 1/3/2012

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -M/D/YY-)               - 1/3/12

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -MM/DD/YY-)             - 01/03/12

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -MON DD, YYYY-)         - JAN 03, 2012

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -Mon DD, YYYY-)         - Jan 03, 2012

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -Month DD, YYYY-)       - January 03, 2012

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -YYYY/MM/DD-)           - 2012/01/03

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -YYYYMMDD-)             - 20120103

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), -YYYY-MM-DD-)           - 2012-01-03

- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP returns current system date and time in standard internal format

SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,-YY.MM.DD-)      - 12.01.03

GO

----

 

/***** SELECTED SQL DATE/DATETIME FORMATS WITH NAMES *****/

 

- SQL format datetime

- Default format: Oct 23 2006 10:40AM

SELECT [Default]=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),100)

 

- US-Style format: 10/23/2006

SELECT [US-Style]=CONVERT(char,GETDATE(),101)

 

- ANSI format: 2006.10.23

SELECT [ANSI]=CONVERT(char,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,102)

 

- UK-Style format: 23/10/2006

SELECT [UK-Style]=CONVERT(char,GETDATE(),103)

 

- German format: 23.10.2006

SELECT [German]=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),104)

 

- ISO format: 20061023

SELECT ISO=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),112)

 

- ISO8601 format: 2008-10-23T19:20:16.003

SELECT [ISO8601]=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),126)

----

 

- SQL Server datetime formats

- Century date format MM/DD/YYYY usage in a query

- Format dates SQL Server 2005

SELECT TOP (1)

      SalesOrderID,

      OrderDate = CONVERT(char(10), OrderDate, 101),

      OrderDateTime = OrderDate

FROM AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderHeader

/* Result

 

SalesOrderID      OrderDate               OrderDateTime

43697             07/01/2001          2001-07-01 00:00:00.000

*/

 

- SQL update datetime column

- SQL datetime DATEADD

UPDATE Production.Product

SET ModifiedDate=DATEADD(dd,1, ModifiedDate)

WHERE ProductID = 1001

 

- MM/DD/YY date format

- Datetime format sql

SELECT TOP (1)

      SalesOrderID,

      OrderDate = CONVERT(varchar(8), OrderDate, 1),

      OrderDateTime = OrderDate

FROM AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderHeader

ORDER BY SalesOrderID desc

/* Result

 

SalesOrderID      OrderDate         OrderDateTime

75123             07/31/04          2004-07-31 00:00:00.000

*/

 

- Combining different style formats for date & time

- Datetime formats

- Datetime formats sql

DECLARE @Date DATETIME

SET @Date = -2015-12-22 03:51 PM-

SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(10),@Date,110) + SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar,@Date,0),12,8)

- Result: 12-22-2015  3:51PM

 

- Microsoft SQL Server cast datetime to string

SELECT stringDateTime=CAST (getdate() as varchar)

- Result: Dec 29 2012  3:47AM

----

- SQL Server date and time functions overview

----

- SQL Server CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function

- SQL Server datetime functions

- local NYC - EST - Eastern Standard Time zone

- SQL DATEADD function - SQL DATEDIFF function

SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP                        - 2012-01-05 07:02:10.577

- SQL Server DATEADD function

SELECT DATEADD(month,2,-2012-12-09-)            - 2013-02-09 00:00:00.000

- SQL Server DATEDIFF function

SELECT DATEDIFF(day,-2012-12-09-,-2013-02-09-)  - 62

- SQL Server DATENAME function

SELECT DATENAME(month,   -2012-12-09-)          - December

SELECT DATENAME(weekday, -2012-12-09-)          - Sunday

- SQL Server DATEPART function

SELECT DATEPART(month, -2012-12-09-)            - 12

- SQL Server DAY function

SELECT DAY(-2012-12-09-)                        - 9

- SQL Server GETDATE function

- local NYC - EST - Eastern Standard Time zone

SELECT GETDATE()                                - 2012-01-05 07:02:10.577

- SQL Server GETUTCDATE function

- London - Greenwich Mean Time

SELECT GETUTCDATE()                             - 2012-01-05 12:02:10.577

- SQL Server MONTH function

SELECT MONTH(-2012-12-09-)                      - 12

- SQL Server YEAR function

SELECT YEAR(-2012-12-09-)                       - 2012

 

 

----

- T-SQL Date and time function application

- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and getdate() are the same in T-SQL

----

- SQL first day of the month

- SQL first date of the month

- SQL first day of current month - 2012-01-01 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(dd,0,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),0))

- SQL last day of the month

- SQL last date of the month

- SQL last day of current month - 2012-01-31 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)+1,0))

- SQL first day of last month

- SQL first day of previous month - 2011-12-01 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(mm,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),0))

- SQL last day of last month

- SQL last day of previous month - 2011-12-31 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,DATEADD(MM,-1,GETDATE()))+1,0))

- SQL first day of next month - 2012-02-01 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(mm,1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),0))

- SQL last day of next month - 2012-02-28 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,DATEADD(MM,1,GETDATE()))+1,0))

GO

- SQL first day of a month - 2012-10-01 00:00:00.000

DECLARE @Date datetime; SET @Date = -2012-10-23-

SELECT DATEADD(dd,0,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,@Date),0))

GO

- SQL last day of a month - 2012-03-31 00:00:00.000

DECLARE @Date datetime; SET @Date = -2012-03-15-

SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,@Date)+1,0))

GO

- SQL first day of year 

- SQL first day of the year  -  2012-01-01 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0)

- SQL last day of year  

- SQL last day of the year   - 2012-12-31 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(yy,1, DATEADD(dd, -1, DATEADD(yy,

                     DATEDIFF(yy,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0)))

- SQL last day of last year

- SQL last day of previous year   - 2011-12-31 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0))

GO

- SQL calculate age in years, months, days

- SQL table-valued function

- SQL user-defined function - UDF

- SQL Server age calculation - date difference

- Format dates SQL Server 2008

USE AdventureWorks2008;

GO

CREATE FUNCTION fnAge  (@BirthDate DATETIME)

RETURNS @Age TABLE(Years  INT,

                   Months INT,

                   Days   INT)

AS

  BEGIN

    DECLARE  @EndDate     DATETIME, @Anniversary DATETIME

    SET @EndDate = Getdate()

    SET @Anniversary = Dateadd(yy,Datediff(yy,@BirthDate,@EndDate),@BirthDate)

    

    INSERT @Age

    SELECT Datediff(yy,@BirthDate,@EndDate) - (CASE

                                                 WHEN @Anniversary > @EndDate THEN 1

                                                 ELSE 0

                                               END), 0, 0

     UPDATE @Age     SET    Months = Month(@EndDate - @Anniversary) - 1

    UPDATE @Age     SET    Days = Day(@EndDate - @Anniversary) - 1

    RETURN

  END

GO

 

- Test table-valued UDF

SELECT * FROM   fnAge(-1956-10-23-)

SELECT * FROM   dbo.fnAge(-1956-10-23-)

/* Results

Years       Months      Days

52          4           1

*/

 

----

- SQL date range between

----

- SQL between dates

USE AdventureWorks;

- SQL between

SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader

WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN -20040301- AND -20040315-

- Result: 108

 

- BETWEEN operator is equivalent to >=-AND-.<=

SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader

WHERE OrderDate

BETWEEN -2004-03-01 00:00:00.000- AND -2004-03-15  00:00:00.000-

/*

Orders with OrderDates

-2004-03-15  00:00:01.000-  - 1 second after midnight (12:00AM)

-2004-03-15  00:01:00.000-  - 1 minute after midnight

-2004-03-15  01:00:00.000-  - 1 hour after midnight

 

are not included in the two queries above.

*/

- To include the entire day of 2004-03-15 use the following two solutions

SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader

WHERE OrderDate >= -20040301- AND OrderDate < -20040316-

 

- SQL between with DATE type (SQL Server 2008)

SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader

WHERE CONVERT(DATE, OrderDate) BETWEEN -20040301- AND -20040315-

----

- Non-standard format conversion: 2011 December 14

- SQL datetime to string

SELECT [YYYY Month DD] =

CAST(YEAR(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(4))+ - -+

DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) + - - +

CAST(DAY(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(2))

 

- Converting datetime to YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format: 20121214172638

SELECT replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),111),-/-,-) +

replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),108),-:-,-)

 

- Datetime custom format conversion to YYYY_MM_DD

select CurrentDate=rtrim(year(getdate())) + -_- +

right(-0- + rtrim(month(getdate())),2) + -_- +

right(-0- + rtrim(day(getdate())),2)

 

- Converting seconds to HH:MM:SS format

declare @Seconds int

set @Seconds = 10000

select TimeSpan=right(-0- +rtrim(@Seconds / 3600),2) + -:- +

right(-0- + rtrim((@Seconds % 3600) / 60),2) + -:- +

right(-0- + rtrim(@Seconds % 60),2)

- Result: 02:46:40

 

- Test result

select 2*3600 + 46*60 + 40

- Result: 10000

- Set the time portion of a datetime value to 00:00:00.000

- SQL strip time from date

- SQL strip time from datetime

SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ,DATEADD(dd, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0)

- Results: 2014-01-23 05:35:52.793 2014-01-23 00:00:00.000

/*******

 

VALID DATE RANGES FOR DATE/DATETIME DATA TYPES

 

SMALLDATETIME date range:

January 1, 1900 through June 6, 2079

 

DATETIME date range:

January 1, 1753 through December 31, 9999

 

DATETIME2 date range (SQL Server 2008):

January 1,1 AD through December 31, 9999 AD

 

DATE date range (SQL Server 2008):

January 1, 1 AD through December 31, 9999 AD

 

*******/

- Selecting with CONVERT into different styles

- Note: Only Japan & ISO styles can be used in ORDER BY

SELECT TOP(1)

     Italy  = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 105)

   , USA    = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 110)

   , Japan  = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 111)

   , ISO    = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 112)

FROM AdventureWorks.Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader

ORDER BY PurchaseOrderID DESC

/* Results

Italy       USA         Japan       ISO

25-07-2004  07-25-2004  2004/07/25  20040725

*/

- SQL Server convert date to integer

DECLARE @Datetime datetime

SET @Datetime = -2012-10-23 10:21:05.345-

SELECT DateAsInteger = CAST (CONVERT(varchar,@Datetime,112) as INT)

- Result: 20121023

 

- SQL Server convert integer to datetime

DECLARE @intDate int

SET @intDate = 20120315

SELECT IntegerToDatetime = CAST(CAST(@intDate as varchar) as datetime)

- Result: 2012-03-15 00:00:00.000

----

- SQL Server CONVERT script applying table INSERT/UPDATE

----

- SQL Server convert date

- Datetime column is converted into date only string column

USE tempdb;

GO

CREATE TABLE sqlConvertDateTime   (

            DatetimeCol datetime,

            DateCol char(8));

INSERT sqlConvertDateTime (DatetimeCol) SELECT GETDATE()

 

UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime

SET DateCol = CONVERT(char(10), DatetimeCol, 112)

SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime

 

- SQL Server convert datetime

- The string date column is converted into datetime column

UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime

SET DatetimeCol = CONVERT(Datetime, DateCol, 112)

SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime

 

- Adding a day to the converted datetime column with DATEADD

UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime

SET DatetimeCol = DATEADD(day, 1, CONVERT(Datetime, DateCol, 112))

SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime

 

- Equivalent formulation

- SQL Server cast datetime

UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime

SET DatetimeCol = DATEADD(dd, 1, CAST(DateCol AS datetime))

SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime

GO

DROP TABLE sqlConvertDateTime

GO

/* First results

DatetimeCol                   DateCol

2014-12-25 16:04:15.373       20141225 */

 

/* Second results:

DatetimeCol                   DateCol

2014-12-25 00:00:00.000       20141225  */

 

/* Third results:

DatetimeCol                   DateCol

2014-12-26 00:00:00.000       20141225  */

----

- SQL month sequence - SQL date sequence generation with table variable

- SQL Server cast string to datetime - SQL Server cast datetime to string

- SQL Server insert default values method

DECLARE @Sequence table (Sequence int identity(1,1))

DECLARE @i int; SET @i = 0

DECLARE @StartDate datetime;

SET @StartDate = CAST(CONVERT(varchar, year(getdate()))+

                 RIGHT(-0-+convert(varchar,month(getdate())),2) + -01- AS DATETIME)

WHILE ( @i < 120)

BEGIN

      INSERT @Sequence DEFAULT VALUES

      SET @i = @i + 1

END

SELECT MonthSequence = CAST(DATEADD(month, Sequence,@StartDate) AS varchar)

FROM @Sequence

GO

/* Partial results:

MonthSequence

Jan  1 2012 12:00AM

Feb  1 2012 12:00AM

Mar  1 2012 12:00AM

Apr  1 2012 12:00AM

*/

----

 

----

- SQL Server Server datetime internal storage

- SQL Server datetime formats

----

- SQL Server datetime to hex

SELECT Now=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, HexNow=CAST(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS BINARY(8))

/* Results

 

Now                     HexNow

2009-01-02 17:35:59.297 0x00009B850122092D

*/

- SQL Server date part - left 4 bytes - Days since 1900-01-01

SELECT Now=DATEADD(DAY, CONVERT(INT, 0x00009B85), -19000101-)

GO

- Result: 2009-01-02 00:00:00.000

 

- SQL time part - right 4 bytes - milliseconds since midnight

- 1000/300 is an adjustment factor

- SQL dateadd to Midnight

SELECT Now=DATEADD(MS, (1000.0/300)* CONVERT(BIGINT, 0x0122092D), -2009-01-02-)

GO

- Result: 2009-01-02 17:35:59.290

----

----

- String date and datetime date&time columns usage

- SQL Server datetime formats in tables

----

USE tempdb;

SET NOCOUNT ON;

- SQL Server select into table create

SELECT TOP (5)

      FullName=convert(nvarchar(50),FirstName+- -+LastName),

      BirthDate = CONVERT(char(8), BirthDate,112),

      ModifiedDate = getdate()

INTO Employee

FROM AdventureWorks.HumanResources.Employee e

INNER JOIN AdventureWorks.Person.Contact c

ON c.ContactID = e.ContactID

ORDER BY EmployeeID

GO

- SQL Server alter table

ALTER TABLE Employee ALTER COLUMN FullName nvarchar(50) NOT NULL

GO

ALTER TABLE Employee

ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_Employee] PRIMARY KEY (FullName )

GO

/* Results

 

Table definition for the Employee table

Note: BirthDate is string date (only)

 

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employee(

      FullName nvarchar(50) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

      BirthDate char(8) NULL,

      ModifiedDate datetime NOT NULL

      )

*/

SELECT * FROM Employee ORDER BY FullName

GO

/* Results

FullName                BirthDate   ModifiedDate

Guy Gilbert             19720515    2009-01-03 10:10:19.217

Kevin Brown             19770603    2009-01-03 10:10:19.217

Rob Walters             19650123    2009-01-03 10:10:19.217

Roberto Tamburello      19641213    2009-01-03 10:10:19.217

Thierry D-Hers          19490829    2009-01-03 10:10:19.217

*/

 

- SQL Server age

SELECT FullName, Age = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, GETDATE()),

       RowMaintenanceDate = CAST (ModifiedDate AS varchar)

FROM Employee ORDER BY FullName

GO

/* Results

FullName                Age   RowMaintenanceDate

Guy Gilbert             37    Jan  3 2009 10:10AM

Kevin Brown             32    Jan  3 2009 10:10AM

Rob Walters             44    Jan  3 2009 10:10AM

Roberto Tamburello      45    Jan  3 2009 10:10AM

Thierry D-Hers          60    Jan  3 2009 10:10AM

*/

 

- SQL Server age of Rob Walters on specific dates

- SQL Server string to datetime implicit conversion with DATEADD

SELECT AGE50DATE = DATEADD(YY, 50, -19650123-)

GO

- Result: 2015-01-23 00:00:00.000

 

- SQL Server datetime to string, Italian format for ModifiedDate

- SQL Server string to datetime implicit conversion with DATEDIFF

SELECT FullName,

         AgeDEC31 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, -20141231-),

         AgeJAN01 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, -20150101-),

         AgeJAN23 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, -20150123-),

         AgeJAN24 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, -20150124-),

       ModDate = CONVERT(varchar, ModifiedDate, 105)

FROM Employee

WHERE FullName = -Rob Walters-

ORDER BY FullName

GO

/* Results

Important Note: age increments on Jan 1 (not as commonly calculated)

 

FullName    AgeDEC31    AgeJAN01    AgeJAN23    AgeJAN24    ModDate

Rob Walters 49          50          50          50          03-01-2009

*/

 

----

- SQL combine integer date & time into datetime

----

- Datetime format sql

- SQL stuff

DECLARE @DateTimeAsINT TABLE ( ID int identity(1,1) primary key, 

   DateAsINT int, 

   TimeAsINT int 

) 

- NOTE: leading zeroes in time is for readability only!  

INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 235959)  

INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 010204)  

INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 002350)

INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 000244)  

INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 000050)  

INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 000006)  

 

SELECT DateAsINT, TimeAsINT,

  CONVERT(datetime, CONVERT(varchar(8), DateAsINT) + - -+

  STUFF(STUFF ( RIGHT(REPLICATE(-0-, 6) + CONVERT(varchar(6), TimeAsINT), 6),

                  3, 0, -:-), 6, 0, -:-))  AS DateTimeValue

FROM   @DateTimeAsINT 

ORDER BY ID

GO

/* Results

DateAsINT   TimeAsINT   DateTimeValue

20121023    235959      2012-10-23 23:59:59.000

20121023    10204       2012-10-23 01:02:04.000

20121023    2350        2012-10-23 00:23:50.000

20121023    244         2012-10-23 00:02:44.000

20121023    50          2012-10-23 00:00:50.000

20121023    6           2012-10-23 00:00:06.000

*/

----

 

- SQL Server string to datetime, implicit conversion with assignment

UPDATE Employee SET ModifiedDate = -20150123-

WHERE FullName = -Rob Walters-

GO

SELECT ModifiedDate FROM Employee WHERE FullName = -Rob Walters-

GO

- Result: 2015-01-23 00:00:00.000

 

/* SQL string date, assemble string date from datetime parts  */

- SQL Server cast string to datetime - sql convert string date

- SQL Server number to varchar conversion

- SQL Server leading zeroes for month and day

- SQL Server right string function

UPDATE Employee SET BirthDate =

      CONVERT(char(4),YEAR(CAST(-1965-01-23- as DATETIME)))+

      RIGHT(-0-+CONVERT(varchar,MONTH(CAST(-1965-01-23- as DATETIME))),2)+

      RIGHT(-0-+CONVERT(varchar,DAY(CAST(-1965-01-23- as DATETIME))),2)

      WHERE FullName = -Rob Walters-

GO

SELECT BirthDate FROM Employee WHERE FullName = -Rob Walters-

GO

- Result: 19650123

 

- Perform cleanup action

DROP TABLE Employee

- SQL nocount

SET NOCOUNT OFF;

GO

----

----

- sql isdate function

----

USE tempdb;

- sql newid - random sort

SELECT top(3) SalesOrderID,

stringOrderDate = CAST (OrderDate AS varchar)

INTO DateValidation

FROM AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderHeader

ORDER BY NEWID()

GO

SELECT * FROM DateValidation

/* Results

SalesOrderID      stringOrderDate

56720             Oct 26 2003 12:00AM

73737             Jun 25 2004 12:00AM

70573             May 14 2004 12:00AM

*/

- SQL update with top

UPDATE TOP(1) DateValidation

SET stringOrderDate = -Apb 29 2004 12:00AM-

GO

- SQL string to datetime fails without validation

SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderDate = CAST (stringOrderDate as datetime)

FROM DateValidation

GO

/* Msg 242, Level 16, State 3, Line 1

The conversion of a varchar data type to a datetime data type resulted in an

out-of-range value.

*/

- sql isdate - filter for valid dates

SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderDate = CAST (stringOrderDate as datetime)

FROM DateValidation

WHERE ISDATE(stringOrderDate) = 1

GO

/* Results

SalesOrderID      OrderDate

73737             2004-06-25 00:00:00.000

70573             2004-05-14 00:00:00.000

*/

- SQL drop table

DROP TABLE DateValidation

Go

 

----

- SELECT between two specified dates - assumption TIME part is 00:00:00.000

----

- SQL datetime between

- SQL select between two dates

SELECT EmployeeID, RateChangeDate

FROM AdventureWorks.HumanResources.EmployeePayHistory

WHERE RateChangeDate >= -1997-11-01- AND 

      RateChangeDate < DATEADD(dd,1,-1998-01-05-)

GO

/* Results

EmployeeID  RateChangeDate

3           1997-12-12 00:00:00.000

4           1998-01-05 00:00:00.000

*/

 

/* Equivalent to

 

- SQL datetime range

SELECT EmployeeID, RateChangeDate

FROM AdventureWorks.HumanResources.EmployeePayHistory

WHERE RateChangeDate >= -1997-11-01 00:00:00- AND 

      RateChangeDate <  -1998-01-06 00:00:00-

GO

*/

----

- SQL datetime language setting

- SQL Nondeterministic function usage - result varies with language settings

SET LANGUAGE  -us_english-;  -- Jan 12 2015 12:00AM 

SELECT US = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,-01/12/2015-));

SET LANGUAGE  -British-;     -- Dec  1 2015 12:00AM 

SELECT UK = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,-01/12/2015-));

SET LANGUAGE  -German-;      -- Dez  1 2015 12:00AM 

SET LANGUAGE  -Deutsch-;     -- Dez  1 2015 12:00AM 

SELECT Germany = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,-01/12/2015-));

SET LANGUAGE  -French-;      -- déc  1 2015 12:00AM 

SELECT France = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,-01/12/2015-));

SET LANGUAGE  -Spanish-;     -- Dic  1 2015 12:00AM 

SELECT Spain = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,-01/12/2015-));

SET LANGUAGE  -Hungarian-;   -- jan 12 2015 12:00AM 

SELECT Hungary = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,-01/12/2015-));

SET LANGUAGE  -us_english-;

GO

----

----

- Function for Monday dates calculation

----

USE AdventureWorks2008;

GO

- SQL user-defined function

- SQL scalar function - UDF

CREATE FUNCTION fnMondayDate

               (@Year          INT,

                @Month         INT,

                @MondayOrdinal INT)

RETURNS DATETIME

AS

  BEGIN

    DECLARE  @FirstDayOfMonth CHAR(10),

             @SeedDate        CHAR(10)

    

    SET @FirstDayOfMonth = convert(VARCHAR,@Year) + --- + convert(VARCHAR,@Month) + --01-

    SET @SeedDate = -1900-01-01-

    

    RETURN DATEADD(DD,DATEDIFF(DD,@SeedDate,DATEADD(DD,(@MondayOrdinal * 7) - 1,

                  @FirstDayOfMonth)) / 7 * 7,  @SeedDate)

  END

GO

 

- Test Datetime UDF

- Third Monday in Feb, 2015

SELECT dbo.fnMondayDate(2016,2,3)

- 2015-02-16 00:00:00.000

 

- First Monday of current month

SELECT dbo.fnMondayDate(Year(getdate()),Month(getdate()),1)

- 2009-02-02 00:00:00.000  

----